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Fat is the major source of energy in poultry production, it provides about two times more energy than carbohydrate and protein. In the poultry industry many types of fat and oils are used according to fatty acid composition and their contribution to metabolizable energy (ME). Different energy source in poultry Source  Energy (calories/gm)  Carbohydrates  4  Protein  4  Fats  9  The

Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolite produced by fungal species in feed under stressful production conditions-are considered to be among the most important feed-born stress factors to impact birds. They produces a variety of diseases, collectively called ‘mycotoxicosis” directly or in combination with other primary stressors such as pathogens Fungal Species Toxins Produced Aspergillus flavus Aflatoxins